Understanding the Structure and Agency Debate in the Social Sciences by Sherman Tan (2011)
UNDERSTANDING THE “STRUCTURE” AND THE “AGENCY” DEBATE IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES (This originally appeared in Habitus [Department of Sociology, Yale University] 2011, 1) Sherman Tan Introduction How should we, as social scientists, best comprehend the nature of social life and orga- nization? Are individuals in control of their own actions and destinies, or are they merely (and unconsciously) subject to particular social circumstances which determine their behavior? In other words, do human beings possess some degree of autonomy over their actions, or are they com- pelled to obey powerful “social forces” which exert control over them? All in all, these conten- tious questions form the basis for what has come to be known as the “structure-agency” debate in the social sciences. These sociological discussions are especially important, given that they are representative of certain (more fundamental) philosophical concerns, for instance, that of free-will, choice, an...

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